Reverse the math

What will a 3,500-watt generator run?

A 3,500-watt portable covers the storm-basics list: fridge, freezer, furnace blower, lights and Wi-Fi peak at 2,900W, inside its 4,375W ceiling, and it even squeaks the fridge + furnace + 1/2 HP sump list in at 4,300W. Where it stops is stacked starts: run the microwave and coffee maker with the fridge, or add a 1 HP well pump, and the peak climbs past what it can hold.

The three tables sort common outage load lists by how a 3,500-watt handles each one. Every running and starting figure comes from the same engine the wattage picker and the wattage chart use. "Runs easily" means the list stays under 80% continuous with the start spike covered; "runs with load management" means it fits but you're near the ceiling or staggering starts; "won't run" means the running total or the start spike is over the line. Loads tagged 240V also need a 240V outlet, which starts at the 5,000W class.

Runs easily

Load listRunningPeak start
Lights, Wi-Fi, and phone or laptop chargers200 W200 W
TV, streaming box, Wi-Fi, and lights400 W400 W
A CPAP machine overnight60 W60 W
One 1,500W space heater1,500 W1,500 W
A microwave on its own1,400 W1,400 W
A refrigerator on its own700 W2,200 W
Fridge, freezer, and the keep-alive basics1,400 W2,900 W
Winter storm: fridge, furnace blower, lights, Wi-Fi1,700 W3,250 W
Flooding storm: fridge, furnace, 1/2 HP sump, basics2,750 W4,300 W
Well water: fridge, 1/2 HP well pump, basics1,900 W3,400 W
A 10,000 BTU window AC with fridge and basics2,100 W3,600 W

Won't run on this size

Load listRunningPeak start
Kitchen morning: microwave, coffee maker, fridge3,100 W4,600 W
A 1 HP well pump with fridge and furnace 240V3,700 W5,700 W
An electric water heater with fridge and basics 240V5,400 W6,900 W
Central AC (3 ton) with fridge and furnace fan 240V5,200 W7,700 W
An electric dryer 240V5,400 W6,750 W
Level 2 EV charging (40A) 240V9,600 W9,600 W
Central AC, electric dryer, fridge, and furnace together 240V10,600 W13,100 W
Central AC, dryer, and Level 2 EV all at once 240V20,000 W22,500 W

How to read these tables for your own list

A 3,500-watt holds about 2,800 watts continuously (80% of its 3,500W rating) and survives a start spike up to 4,375W. Add the running watts of everything you'll have on at once, then add the single largest start surge on top of that total. If both numbers fit, so does the list. The wattage picker does that arithmetic for your exact appliances, and the wattage chart lists the per-appliance numbers behind these lists.

Anything that connects to your electrical panel (a furnace, well pump, central AC, or a whole-house transfer) is licensed-electrician work, wired through a transfer switch or interlock. A generator powers those through that equipment, never by backfeeding an outlet, and it always runs outside, well away from the house.

Size your exact load list in the wattage picker

Shopping a 3,500-watt portable or inverter? Shop portable generators on Amazon

Questions people ask

Will a 3,500-watt generator run a furnace and a refrigerator?

Yes, with the storm basics alongside. Fridge + furnace + lights + Wi-Fi runs about 1,700W and peaks at 3,250W, inside the 4,375W ceiling. Add a 1/2 HP sump and it still fits; add the microwave and coffee maker on top of the fridge and it does not.

How many appliances can a generator run at once?

As many as fit two limits at the same time: the running watts have to stay under about 80% of the rating (that is the 3,500W a 3,500-watt holds continuously, so roughly 2,800W of steady load), and the single biggest motor start has to land under the 4,375W peak. Add running watts for everything on, then add the largest one start spike on top. The tables above do that for the common lists.

Running watts or starting watts: which one sizes the generator?

Both, on different clocks. Running watts are what the generator holds for hours, so they set the continuous size; the starting spike is what it has to survive for about a second when the biggest motor kicks in. A unit that clears the running total but not the spike stalls at start; one that clears the spike but runs at 95% all night runs hot and drinks fuel.

What other sizes run